Biochemistry
The high degree of order in biological systems must be paid for in some way, as living organisms must still obey the laws of thermodynamics, which drive all ordered biological systems toward low energy chaos, which is death in street vernacular. The energy transfer mechanisms that allow living organisms to stay alive is the business of biochemistry, a discipline that has come into its own rights after once having been considered a simple branch of organic chemistry.
A good course in biochemistry will involve study of many of the topics listed here:
- Protein Structure and Function
- DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information
- Genes
- Exploring Evolution
- Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics
- Catalytic Strategies
- Regulatory Strategies: Enzymes and Hemoglobin
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids and Cell Membranes
- Membrane Channels and Pumps
- Metabolism
- Signal-Transduction Pathways
- Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
- The Citric Acid Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
- The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Glycogen Metabolism
- Fatty Acid Metabolism
- Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism
- The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
- Nucleotide Biosynthesis
- The Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids
- DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair
- RNA Synthesis and Splicing
- Protein Synthesis
- The Integration of Metabolism
- The Control of Gene Expression
- Sensory Systems
- The Immune System
- Molecular Motors
Students should be following The Journal of Biological Chemistry in order to keep up with research in this field. There is a good biochemistry tutorial from the University of Arizona. A terrific list of books on various topics in biochemistry is available from Sigma-Aldrich, and more at Amazon.com.
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