Sample Volume of Volume of water used Porosity(water used-
sample (cm3) =l * w * h (initial –final volume)(ml) sample volume)x 100%

Fox Hills Sandstone
Dawson Arkose
C. Rock Conglomerate
Lyons Sandstone

Analysis:
1.In general, what should be the trend in porosityof a pile of sediment as sediment sizes increase?
2. Which two samples would serve as the best aquifers? Which one sample would be the best aquitard?
3. Do you observe the same trend (answer to #1) with your rock samples? If not, give two possible reasons of any potential exceptions to the rule.
4. Observe the bedrock geology of Denver image (on a PowerPoint slide of the groundwater lecture). Taking depth of access into account, which sedimentary formation is the most ideal aquifer?
Part 2:The Future of Denver’s GroundwaterUtilize the provided sources (found at the end of this sheet) to answer the following questions, as you discover the geology and the public usage behind Denver’s groundwater. You can look up more sources, if necessary, to warrant sufficient responses.
1. Does the Denver Basin (the proper geological place name we are in) have a single aquifer to extract groundwater, or multiple? If it’s multiple, list all the formation names & the respective rock types.Is the aquifer(s) confined or unconfined?
2. If there is more than one aquifer (from #1 above), do they cover the same area of land? If not, how much are does each cover? Additionally, how far underground is the aquifer(s)?
3. Do a Google image search of “Denver basin aquifer map.” What is the shallowest aquifer that services the area/suburb of which you live in? What is the spatial extent of your aquifer?
4. What is the range of groundwater transmissivity (area traveled per day)?
5. Specifically where does the bulk of groundwater recharge occuraround here? Out of the precipitation we receive, what percentage of it makes it as groundwater? What happens to the rest?
6. About how long has it taken for our aquifer(s) to be filled to the peak volume that we can enjoy today? Based on the reported figure, is our groundwater classified as a renewable or nonrenewable source?
7. Around how many pumping wells exist in the Denver area? How many were present in 1985? Give a plausible explanation for the difference in numbers.
8. What is the overall verdict of Denver’s groundwater in the future? Include in your response the following: are there currently any legal regulations on groundwater usage, are there currently any innovative solutions in solving potential problems, if you were a person of authority (i.e. city council, senator/representative) what moves would you take (if any), has what you have researched spurred you to make any changes on how you might use water?

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