Vertebrate Relationships and Basic Structure
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question
1. What is a coelom (true body cavity)?
a. body cavity partially lined with mesoderm
b. body cavity lined with endoderm
c. the body cavity of a sponge
d. body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of the exoskeleton in arthropods and mollusks?
a. Provides protection from predators
b. Provides rigid places for muscles to insert and against which they can do work
c. Enhances sensory perception
d. Permits greater range of movement than body plans without a rigid skeletal
structure
3. Gonads are single in jawed vertebrates and paired in jawless vertebrates.
a. True
b. False
4. _________________have no special tube or duct for the passage of the gametes, sperm or egg erupt from the gonad and move through coelom to pores that open in the base of the body.
a. Jawless vertebrates
b. Jaw vertebrates
5. During Gnathostome heart evolution, _________________ as 4th chamber is added to the heart.
a. Sinus venous
b. Conus arteriosus
c. atrium
d. ventricle
Questions
6. Amphioxus obtains its oxygen by diffusion over the body surface. Why aren’t vertebrates generally able to do this-that is, why do most aquatic vertebrates rely on gills for gas exchange?
7. Vertebrates have been thought of as “dual animals,” consisting of both segmented and unsegmented portions. How is this duality reflected in their embryonic development and the structure of the nervous system?
8. Suppose new molecular data showed that tunicates and vertebrates are sister taxa. What difference would this make to our assumptions about the form of the original chordate animal? What additional features might this animal have possessed?
9. Describe the difference between an endoskeleton and exoskeleton.
10. Describe any five features which contrast the basic vertebrate condition with that of a non-vertebrate chordate.

Vertebrate Relationships and Basic Structure MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo...