1) What is a gene pool?
A) entire group of genes present in an organism
B) hereditary information required for making proteins
C) spread of an allele throughout a species' genetic line
D) total of alleles found in all individuals of a species

2) Which situation occurs after the development of a new allele?
A) The gene pool becomes more diverse.
B) The gene pool becomes less diverse.
C) The gene pool fragments into smaller groups.
D) The gene pool must spread to other populations.

3) Which organisms would be the best mating pair to study interspecies mating?
A) a beagle and a Labrador retriever
B) a leopard and a tiger
C) a pink rose and a yellow rose
D) a white lion and a golden lion

4) What prevents mules from producing offspring?
A) All mules are males.
B) Chromosomes cannot pair correctly during meiosis.
C) Embryos die early in development.
D) Mules have incompatible sex organs.

5) Which steps show speciation in the correct order?
A) evolutionary changes, geographic isolation, reproductive isolation
B) genetic incompatibility, geographic isolation, evolutionary changes
C) geographic isolation, evolutionary changes, reproductive isolation
D) reproductive isolation, genetic incompatibility, geographic isolation

6) How are populations involved in speciation?
A) Interbreeding with other populations must occur.
B) Large populations must decrease in number.
C) Population gene pools must become isolated.
D) Small populations must increase in number.

7) When geographic isolation occurs, what conditions produce the most rapid speciation?
A) when there is similarity in the food supply in both locations
B) when the climate is very different in the two locations
C) when the species has a long generation time
D) when one of the two groups becomes extinct

8) What fossil data supports the hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium?
A) fossils that look alike through many layers of sediment
B) fossils that look very different through many layers of sediment
C) fossils that look alike through layers of sediment, then a layer with many new fossils
D) a few layers of sediment with different fossils between layers of sediment without fossils

9) Which species might experience reproductive isolation if all bees in the area were eliminated by disease?
A) almond trees
B) brown bats
C) coffee ferns
D) dragonflies

10) What produces gene flow?
A) mating between populations
B) geographical isolation
C) mutation
D) speciation

11) What is suggested by the hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium?
A) There's been no change in life on Earth.
B) There's been gradual and steady change in life on Earth.
C) There have been short periods of dramatic evolutionary change separated by long periods of no change.
D) Life on Earth changes dramatically most of the time, but there are short periods when there's no change.

12) What is population genetics?
A) the study of appropriate sizes for populations
B) the study of DNA to determine ancestral connections
C) the study of dominant and recessive hereditary traits
D) the study of effect of evolutionary change on allele frequencies

13) What results in populations that change due to genetic drift?
A) They haven't really undergone evolutionary change.
B) They will then be subject to strong sexual selection.
C) They have increased in allele frequency and evolved.
D) They will soon change back to the original form due to natural selection.

14) What concept applies to a population of wall lizards in Long Island, New York, escaping from a group imported from Italy?
A) assortative mating
B) the founder effect
C) a population bottleneck
D) gene flow

15) What is the evolutionary origin of light skin in humans?
A) Light skin evolved several times in response to high ultraviolet light levels.
B) Light skin evolved several times in response to low ultraviolet light levels.
C) Light skin evolved several times in areas where there was no malaria.
D) Light skin evolved as an adaptation that decreased folate levels in humans.

16) What results when traits are acted on by sexual selection?
A) The traits increase fertility
B) The traits occur mostly in females.
C) The traits sometimes appear to have no relation to fitness.
D) The traits occur in plants but not in animals.

17) What change occurs due to chance events?
A) sexual selection
B) genetic drift
C) gene flow
D) population bottleneck

18) How would two unrelated individuals with the same color skin compare?
A) They would have similar alleles for melanin production.
B) They would have similar alleles for repetitive DNA segments.
C) They would have similar alleles for nose shape.
D) They would have as many similar alleles as any two random individuals.

19) In a population where most individuals have long, narrow noses, a child is born with a short, broad nose. What evolutionary explanation applies to this situation?
A) Both parents of this child are from another population.
B) Humidity in the area is increasing, and selection pressure is changing.
C) The child reflects the normal variation around the average type.
D) A mutation must have occurred to produce a new allele of the nose shape gene.

20) Which trait is explained by convergent evolution?
A) broad nose shape in humid rain-forest areas
B) light skin color in many northern populations
C) sickle-cell anemia in areas where malaria is common
D) tall height in children from tall women mating with tall men

1) What is a gene pool? A) entire group of genes present in an org...