Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitochondrial proteins that are synthesized in the cytosol?
Group of answer choices
The proteins usually have a signal sequence at their N-terminus.
The proteins cross both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes as they are imported.
The proteins must be transported across the mitochondrial membranes while being synthesized.
The proteins are unfolded as they are transported into the mitochondria.

The first three steps of glycolysis produce fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and require an energy investment of __________ that will be recouped later. The next two steps cleave fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into __________. The final 5 steps produce __________.
Group of answer choices
2 ATPs; 2 three-carbon sugars; ATP, GTP and NADH
4 ATPs; 2 four-carbon sugars; ATP, GTP and FADH2
2 ATPs; 2 three-carbon sugars; ATP and NADH
4 ATPs; 2 three-carbon sugars; ATP and NADH

In the Î± helices of a water-filled transmembrane channel, hydrophobic amino acid side chains are typically in contact with:
Group of answer choices
the lipid bilayer.
both the aqueous channel and the lipid bilayer.
the aqueous channel.
neither the aqueous channel nor the lipid bilayer.

If a lysosome breaks open, what happens?
Group of answer choices
The lysosome will immediately be phagocytosed by the endosome to protect the cell from being digested.
The lysosomal hydrolases will digest the cell.
Not much will happen because the lysosomal hydrolases will unfold.
Not much will happen because the lysosomal hydrolases will not be very active.

The 2nd reading frame of the RNA sequence 5â€™-AUUUGCCUCAGGGC-3â€™ encodes which polypeptide?
Group of answer choices
Gly-Thr-Pro-Phe
Gly-Leu-Arg-Leu
Phe-Ala-Ser-Gly
Leu-Pro-Gln-Gly

Which of the following statements is true about the possible fates of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
Group of answer choices
It can be transported into the thylakoid space for use as a secondary electron acceptor downstream of the electron-transport chain.
It can be directly converted to glucose by the rubisco enzyme.
It can be exported from the chloroplast to the cytosol for conversion into sucrose.
It can be used to make glycogen, which is stored inside the stroma of the chloroplast.

Fermentation is an _____________________ process that converts _____________ into carbon dioxide and _____________________.
Group of answer choices
aerobic, pyruvate, ethanol
anaerobic, lactate, ethanol
anaerobic, pyruvate, ethanol
aerobic, lactate, ethanol

Transport by ion channels is never active, whereas transport by transporters is never passive.
Group of answer choices
False
True

Which of the situations below will enhance microtubule growth?
Group of answer choices
addition of a drug that decreases the affinity of tubulin molecules carrying GTP for other tubulin molecules
addition of a drug that blocks the ability of a tubulin dimer to bind to Î³-tubulin
addition of a drug that increases hydrolysis of the GTP carried by tubulin dimers
addition of a drug that increases exchange of GDP for GTP on free tubulin dimers

Vegetable oil is liquid at room temperature, whereas lard (animal fat) is solid at room temperature. Based on this information and your knowledge of hydrocarbon tails, you might predict that plants lipids are generally __________, while animal lipids are generally __________.
Group of answer choices
Unsaturated; saturated
Hydrophobic; hydrophilic
Saturated; unsaturated
Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Which proteins play a central role in the fusion of a vesicle with a target membrane?
Group of answer choices
Rab proteins
Adaptin proteins
SNARE proteins
Tethering proteins
Clathrin proteins

Which of the following occurs during the Krebs cycle?
I. NAD+ is reduced to form NADH.
II. FADH2 accepts two electrons in order to form FAD.
III. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
IV. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.
Group of answer choices
I and II
I, II, III and IV
I and III
III and IV
I, III and IV

Which of the following statements about the proteasome is true?
Group of answer choices
Phosphorylation marks proteins for delivery to the proteasome.
Misfolded proteins are degraded by cytoplasmic proteases and then the resultant polypeptides and amino acids are fed into the proteasome for further degradation.
The protein stoppers of the proteasome use energy from ATP hydrolysis to directly degrade bound proteins.
Ubiquitylated proteins are delivered to the proteasome, where they are sequestered from the cytoplasm and degraded.

Which of the following post-transcriptional processes occur in the nucleus?
i. Translation
ii. Splicing
iii. Polyadenylation
Group of answer choices
i and iii
ii only
i, ii, and iii
i only
ii and iii

Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitochondrial prot...