Central Dogma Thought Questions

• Assume that a given length of dsDNA has given rise to a length of RNA which in turn has given rise to a length of protein. How can that same length of DNA lead to the formation of an entirely different length of protein?

Because the sequence of three nucleotides form a codon which gives rise to amino acid hence the length of DNA which in turn is decided by a number of participating nucleotides cannot be same as that of a number of amino acid forms.

• If you know the sequence of a protein, can you reverse your thinking and know the sequence of the DNA that encoded it?

Yes, it can be done all possible DNA sequences can be retrieved.

• We are creatures of habit (or we try to be). If a short sequence of DNA is written down in a hurry by someone, which end, according to the typical convention, is on the left and which is on the right?

5 ' is on the left end and 3 ' is on the right end.

• In describing RNA structure, what do we mean by the term "stem and loop"? Can stems and loops form anywhere in the molecule, or are there certain locales that favor them?

Stem and loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that occurs in RNA.structure. It occurs when two regions of the same strand are complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions and base pair to form a double helix that ends in an unpaired loop. It is a key building block of many RNA secondary structures and it is a recognition site for RNA binding proteins.

• Here's another one of those literary descriptions that some molecular biologists are fond of. Protein molecules have been described as "charm bracelets". What are the charms that dangle from the bracelet?

Charms are the amino acid.

• This question ran against conventional thinking about the central dogma: Is there such a thing as "reverse transcription"? And if there is such a thing, what kind of nucleic acid is the template sequence and what kind of nucleic acid is the product sequence?
Yes, reverse transcription exists.and in this template is RNA and the product is cDNA.

Short-lived radioactive isotopes are often used in medicine. Sodium...