Answer the following questions:

1. Calculate ∆G’º of the following enzimatic reactions with 25 ºC y pH 7:
a) Glutamate + Oxalacetate → Aspartate + α- Ketoglutarate K’eq = 6.8
b) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate → Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate K’eq = 0.0475
c) Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP K’eq = 254

2. Calculate the equilibrium constants (K’eq) For each of the following reactions to pH 7 y 25 ºC
a) Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O → glucose + Pi          ∆G’º = -13.8 kJ/mol
b) Lactose + H2O → glucose + galactose ∆G’º = -15.9 kJ/mol
c) Malate → Fumarate + H2O          ∆G’º = 3.1 kJ/mol

3. If a solution of 0.1 M glucose-1-phosphate is incubated with a catalytic amount of phosphoglucomutase, glucose-1-phosphate is converted to glucose-6-phosphate. On balance,the concentrations of each reactant are: 4 x 10-3 M glucose-1-phosphate and 9.6 x 10-2 M of glucose-6-phosphate.
Calculate the equilibrium constant and ΔG'º for this reaction at 25° C

5. Glucose-1-phosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate through two reactions successive
Glucose-1-phosphate → glucose-6-phosphate ΔGº = -7.3 kJ / mol
Glucose-6-phosphate → fructose-6-phosphate ΔG'º = 1.7 kJ / mol
Calculate the ΔG'º and the K'eq of the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.

6. Calculate ΔG for the next reaction if the physiological conditions are 25 ° C,
[Phosphocreatine] = 4.7 mM, [creatine] = 1 mM, [ADP] = 0.2 mM and [ATP] = 2.6 mM:
Phosphocreatine + ADP → creatine + ATP                         ΔG'º = -12.5 kJ / mol

7. The values of E '° for the conjugated redox pairs NAD +/ NADH and pyruvate / lactate are -0.32 and -0.19 V, respectively.
a) Which of the elements has a greater tendency to lose electrons?
b) What is the strongest oxidizing agent?
c) What is the standard free energy variation (ΔG'º) at 25 ° C for the following reaction (Faraday constant: 96485 J V-1 mol-1) ?:
Pyruvate + NADH + H + → lactate + NAD +
d) What is the equilibrium constant of the reaction (K'eq)?

8. The transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be represented
By the equation: NADH + H + + 1/2 O2 → H2O + NAD +
a) Calculate the value of ΔE'º of the net reaction of this mitochondrial electronic transfer (E '(O 2 / H 2 O) = 0.82 V)
b) Calculate the ΔG'º of this reaction
c) How many molecules of ATP can be generated theoretically by this reaction if the free standard energy of the synthesis of ATP is 30.5 kJ mol-1?

Answer the following questions: 1. Calculate ∆G’º of the followi...