1. Explain bio-precursor and carrier prodrugs (40%). Evaluate the role of prodrug to achieve prolonged action of a drug (30%) and to mask toxicity and side effects of drugs (30% marks).
2. What do you meant by target specificity and selectivity? (20%)Why is it important in drug discovery process? (30%) Explain with examples? (50%).
3. Discuss the International agreements on biological diversity introduced to protect the access and benefit sharing of traditional knowledge in the use of plants for drug discovery.
4. In terms of development of novel analgesic drugs, explain why the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel has been hailed as a “super” pain target?
5. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are two different instrumental methods able to detect whether ligands bind to macromolecular targets such as proteins and enzymes. Give a detailed account on how these assays are carried out to measure the effect of an inhibitor.
Diagrams + explanation about each techniques
6. Describe the various strategies in computer drug discovery?
7. What are the classifications of prodrugs?
8. Give small explanation about prodrug (what prodrug is) what are the prodrugs groups with 3 examples? What is the aim of prodrugs?
9. Asses the role of prodrug to improve bio-availability?,Evaluate the role of prodrug to improve bio-availability?
10. In a critical why evaluate the role of prodrug in reducing drug toxicity?,
11. How prodrug have improve water/decrease water solubility?
12. Explain the role of prodrugs in to improve the chemical stability?
13. How functional groups converted to other functional groups?, how ester converted to alcohol?, how ester converted to carboxylic acid?, How ester is converted to another functional groups?, How ester converted to hydroxyl?
14. How to improve bioavailability? by improving cell permeability < explain more and with examples.
15. How to improve chemical stability? By reducing toxicity (salycilic acid) < explain more and with examples.
Explain properly with example and give name of drugs if appropriate, to get a good answer.

1. Explain bio-precursor and carrier prodrugs (40%). Evaluate the r...