Answer the following questions. 1. Consider the following set...

Answer the following questions.

1. Consider the following set of known facts and rules for a production system.

Facts (known to be true): F,G,H,I,J Rules:
1. K & G & J → L (means that if K and G and J are all true then L is true)
2. F → K
3. H → N
4. N & O → P
5. L & F & Q → X
6. N → Q
7. Q & F → R
8. R & H → S
9. F & N → T
10. R & S & T → V

a. Which rules would fire and in what order if we used forward chaining, assuming the system starts at rule 1 and goes to rule 10 and repeats. What facts do we know after forward chaining has completed?

b. Using backward chaining, prove that X is true. Which rules and in what order, would fire to accomplish this? What facts do we know after backward chaining has completed?

c. Using this example, what have we learned about the applications for forward and backward chaining? Which approach do you think is used more often and why? Give an example of a situation where each would be the best choice.

2. Consider the difference between a standard rule-based expert system and a fuzzy expert system. Give two examples of applications suited to a standard rule-based expert system and two examples of an application suited to a fuzzy expert system. Explain why your selected system would be the best choice for that application. Which type of system do you think is the most useful in general and why?

      
3.
Genetic algorithms (GAs) can be used in game development. Consider the chromosome shown in the notes for the MicroAnts game. In a game, we can use a GA evolve our computer generated opponents and alter their strategies.

Assume that we are creating a game in which we are trying to defend the earth from a horde of alien invaders. There may be different types of aliens in the alien army with differing attributes and different individuals within each type. If we employ a 64 bit chromosome, we have 264 unique aliens in our genetic space!

We want to allow the aliens to evolve using survival of the fittest. We can do this by allowing the aliens to mate with other. Their offspring would be a combination of the genes from the parents. Aliens have to survive to mate so only the most fit would mate This way, the longer the game is played the more challenging the aliens become.

Show how we could use a GA for this purpose. How would you design your chromosome (what genes would you use) and give your rationale for your choices. Assume that we have a maximum of 64 bits that we can use - you don't have to use them all in your design.

Also, give a description of how your game is played and describe how your aliens can evolve and adapt to the opponent. State any assumptions that you have made about the game.

Alternatively, if you’re not into alien invaders, what other type of game could we create using a GA? What would we use for the chromosome format?