Independence of Transport Layer Against Network Layer

The concept of logical communication assumes that the transport layer can be independent of the underlying network layer. To the extent that this is achievable, how does the transport layer accomplish this? What technologies are used? Are there situations under which the specific properties of the underlying layers cannot be ignored?

It is known that IP networks are media independent; this means that transport layer provides communication between application services regardless the physical infrastructure of the network from the network layer (which provides the communication between two hosts). In order to develop applications that don’t depend on the services from network layer (which are provided by ISPs/carriers), it is required a communication interface...

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