"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<p><b>Background:</b> \n",
"More than 35,000 medals have been awarded at the Olympics since 1896, including winter and summer olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research and Reference Service has published via The Guardian's Datablog statistics for most years between 1920 and 2014 for both the summer and winter olympics.<p>\n",
"\n",
"<p><b>Data:</b> In the <b>first part</b> of this exam, we will consider the number of medals won by each country in the winter olympics from 1924 to 2014. This data is available in the form of a single text file named <code>winter_counts.csv</code>. The file lists the year of the games, each country who competed, and the number of bronze, silver, and gold medals awarded to that country for that years olympic games. </p>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 58,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
   "text/html": [
   "<div>\n",
   "<style>\n",
   " .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
   "    text-align: right;\n",
   " }\n",
   "\n",
   " .dataframe thead th {\n",
   "    text-align: left;\n",
   " }\n",
   "\n",
   " .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
   "    vertical-align: top;\n",
   " }\n",
   "</style>\n",
   "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
   " <thead>\n",
   " <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
   "    <th></th>\n",
   "    <th>Year</th>\n",
   "    <th>Country</th>\n",
   "    <th>Bronze</th>\n",
   "    <th>Gold</th>\n",
   "    <th>Silver</th>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " </thead>\n",
   " <tbody>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>0</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>AUT</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>1</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>BEL</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>2</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>CAN</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>9.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>3</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>FIN</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>8.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>4</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>FRA</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>5</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>GBR</td>\n",
   "    <td>13.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>8.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>6</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>NOR</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>7.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>7</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>SUI</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>8.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>8</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>SWE</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>8.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>9</th>\n",
   "    <td>1924</td>\n",
   "    <td>USA</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>11.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>10</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>AUT</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>11</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>BEL</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>12</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>CAN</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>13</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>FIN</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>14</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>FRA</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>15</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>GBR</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>16</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>GER</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>17</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>NOR</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>18</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>SUI</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>19</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>SWE</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>13.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>20</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>TCH</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>21</th>\n",
   "    <td>1928</td>\n",
   "    <td>USA</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>22</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>AUT</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>23</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>CAN</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>14.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>24</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>FIN</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>25</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>FRA</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>26</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>GER</td>\n",
   "    <td>21.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>27</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>HUN</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>28</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>NOR</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>29</th>\n",
   "    <td>1932</td>\n",
   "    <td>SUI</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>8.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>...</th>\n",
   "    <td>...</td>\n",
   "    <td>...</td>\n",
   "    <td>...</td>\n",
   "    <td>...</td>\n",
   "    <td>...</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>349</th>\n",
   "    <td>2010</td>\n",
   "    <td>SUI</td>\n",
   "    <td>7.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>350</th>\n",
   "    <td>2010</td>\n",
   "    <td>SVK</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>351</th>\n",
   "    <td>2010</td>\n",
   "    <td>SWE</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>352</th>\n",
   "    <td>2010</td>\n",
   "    <td>USA</td>\n",
   "    <td>22.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>64.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>353</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>AUS</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>354</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>AUT</td>\n",
   "    <td>11.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>355</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>BLR</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>356</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>CAN</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>63.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>22.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>357</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>CHN</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>358</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>CRO</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>359</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>CZE</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>7.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>360</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>FIN</td>\n",
   "    <td>25.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>7.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>361</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>FRA</td>\n",
   "    <td>10.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>362</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>GBR</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>363</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>GER</td>\n",
   "    <td>9.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>15.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>364</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>ITA</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>365</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>JPN</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>366</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>KAZ</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>367</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>KOR</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>7.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>368</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>LAT</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>369</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>NED</td>\n",
   "    <td>9.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>13.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>7.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>370</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>NOR</td>\n",
   "    <td>13.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>18.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>5.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>371</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>POL</td>\n",
   "    <td>3.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>372</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>RUS</td>\n",
   "    <td>13.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>33.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>22.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>373</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>SLO</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>2.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>374</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>SUI</td>\n",
   "    <td>22.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>6.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>375</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>SVK</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>376</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>SWE</td>\n",
   "    <td>12.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>8.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>35.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>377</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>UKR</td>\n",
   "    <td>1.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>4.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>0.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " <tr>\n",
   "    <th>378</th>\n",
   "    <td>2014</td>\n",
   "    <td>USA</td>\n",
   "    <td>24.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>10.0</td>\n",
   "    <td>31.0</td>\n",
   " </tr>\n",
   " </tbody>\n",
   "</table>\n",
   "<p>379 rows Ã— 5 columns</p>\n",
   "</div>"
   ],
   "text/plain": [
   " Year Country Bronze Gold Silver\n",
   "0 1924 AUT 0.0 3.0 1.0\n",
   "1 1924 BEL 5.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "2 1924 CAN 0.0 9.0 0.0\n",
   "3 1924 FIN 3.0 4.0 8.0\n",
   "4 1924 FRA 12.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "5 1924 GBR 13.0 8.0 4.0\n",
   "6 1924 NOR 6.0 4.0 7.0\n",
   "7 1924 SUI 1.0 8.0 0.0\n",
   "8 1924 SWE 0.0 1.0 8.0\n",
   "9 1924 USA 1.0 1.0 11.0\n",
   "10 1928 AUT 2.0 0.0 4.0\n",
   "11 1928 BEL 1.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "12 1928 CAN 0.0 12.0 0.0\n",
   "13 1928 FIN 1.0 2.0 1.0\n",
   "14 1928 FRA 0.0 2.0 0.0\n",
   "15 1928 GBR 1.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "16 1928 GER 5.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "17 1928 NOR 5.0 6.0 4.0\n",
   "18 1928 SUI 12.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "19 1928 SWE 1.0 2.0 13.0\n",
   "20 1928 TCH 1.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "21 1928 USA 2.0 6.0 6.0\n",
   "22 1932 AUT 0.0 1.0 1.0\n",
   "23 1932 CAN 5.0 14.0 1.0\n",
   "24 1932 FIN 1.0 1.0 1.0\n",
   "25 1932 FRA 0.0 2.0 0.0\n",
   "26 1932 GER 21.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "27 1932 HUN 2.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "28 1932 NOR 3.0 3.0 4.0\n",
   "29 1932 SUI 0.0 0.0 8.0\n",
   ".. ... ... ... ... ...\n",
   "349 2010 SUI 7.0 6.0 0.0\n",
   "350 2010 SVK 1.0 1.0 1.0\n",
   "351 2010 SWE 4.0 12.0 3.0\n",
   "352 2010 USA 22.0 12.0 64.0\n",
   "353 2014 AUS 1.0 0.0 2.0\n",
   "354 2014 AUT 11.0 4.0 12.0\n",
   "355 2014 BLR 1.0 5.0 0.0\n",
   "356 2014 CAN 5.0 63.0 22.0\n",
   "357 2014 CHN 6.0 3.0 4.0\n",
   "358 2014 CRO 0.0 0.0 1.0\n",
   "359 2014 CZE 2.0 2.0 7.0\n",
   "360 2014 FIN 25.0 2.0 7.0\n",
   "361 2014 FRA 10.0 4.0 4.0\n",
   "362 2014 GBR 6.0 1.0 5.0\n",
   "363 2014 GER 9.0 15.0 12.0\n",
   "364 2014 ITA 12.0 0.0 2.0\n",
   "365 2014 JPN 6.0 1.0 4.0\n",
   "366 2014 KAZ 1.0 0.0 0.0\n",
   "367 2014 KOR 2.0 7.0 5.0\n",
   "368 2014 LAT 6.0 0.0 5.0\n",
   "369 2014 NED 9.0 13.0 7.0\n",
   "370 2014 NOR 13.0 18.0 5.0\n",
   "371 2014 POL 3.0 4.0 4.0\n",
   "372 2014 RUS 13.0 33.0 22.0\n",
   "373 2014 SLO 4.0 2.0 2.0\n",
   "374 2014 SUI 22.0 6.0 4.0\n",
   "375 2014 SVK 0.0 1.0 0.0\n",
   "376 2014 SWE 12.0 8.0 35.0\n",
   "377 2014 UKR 1.0 4.0 0.0\n",
   "378 2014 USA 24.0 10.0 31.0\n",
   "\n",
   "[379 rows x 5 columns]"
   ]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import pandas as pd\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"%matplotlib inline\n",
"\n",
"from IPython.display import display\n",
"\n",
"winter_counts=pd.read_csv('winter_counts.csv')\n",
"display(winter_counts)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Question 1: The Medal Count\n",
"Add a column to the `winter_count` dataframe called 'Medal Count' that gives the total number of medals awarded to each country for each year."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
   "text/html": [
   "<div>\n",
   "<style>\n",
   " .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
   "    text-align: right;\n",
   " }\n",
   "\n",
   " .dataframe thead th {\n",
   "    text-align: left;\n",
   " }\n",
   "\n",
   " .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
   "    vertical-align: top;\n",
   " }\n",
   "</style>\n",
   "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
   " <thead>\n",
   " <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
   "    <th></th>\n",
   "    <th>Year</th>\n",
   "    <th>Country</th>\n",
   "    <th>Bronze</th>\n",
   "    <th>Gold</th>\n",
   "    <th>Silver</th>\n

A little on sequences and series Recall that a sequence is essenti...