Based on Chapter Ten the "Islamic World: Religion and Culture" in the textbook The Humanistic Tradition and other scholarly sources, how did Islam spread in the Middle East?

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Similarities Not Differences: The Spread of Islam

I want to discuss the reasons for how Islam spread and became an influential religious belief system that today counts about 1.57 billion members worldwide (“Islam,” Infoplease). Started by the Prophet Muhammad roughly 1,300 years ago, Islam is one of the newest and most successful of the world’s religions. The reasons for its success, which I expand upon below, include its adherence to a sacred text that has religious and cultural import, its emergence along Asia’s prosperous Silk Road, its adoption of a monotheistic view, its embrace of this world (and not rejection of material wealth), its emphasis on science and mathematics, and its policy of coexistence among differing belief systems, all contributed to Islam’s worldwide adoption and acceptance....