Transcribed Text
Question 1
Study A
A researcher is interested in Auburn students’ reactions to three plans for a community concert at Toomer’s Corner. Three plans were prepared to be presented to students. The researcher scheduled three 60 minute sessions where he presented one of the three plans and randomly assigned students ONE session to attend. After the presentation, students were asked to complete an evaluation form. Higher scores represent more positive reactions to the concert plan.
Enter these data into SPSS (
Attach your results to this exam. Use α = .05 to test the null hypothesis.
copying and pasting this table will work, you just need to set the
variable names and variable type
) and analyze them using the appropriate statistical procedure.
Student
Plan
Score
1
1
32
2
1
37
3
1
15
4
1
25
5
1
26
6
1
27
7
1
35
8
1
25
9
1
20
10
1
27
11
2
35
12
2
30
13
2
50
14
2
20
15
2
30
16
2
25
17
2
50
18
2
29
19
2
30
20
2
33
21
3
15
22
3
20
23
3
20
24
3
10
25
3
25
26
3
25
27
3
30
28
3
20
29
3
40
30
3
24
Question 1 (continued)
Entering and analyzing data (2 points)
1a. Ho: (in words) (1pt.)
_________________________________________________________
1b. H1: (in words) (1pt.)
__________________________________________________________
1c. What type of design was used to collect and analyze the data? (2pts.) __________________________________________________________
1d. Obtained F = _______________
(1pts.)
1e. Decision about null hypotheses: (1pt.) __________________________________________________________
1f. What verbal conclusions can be made about the reactions to the three different scenarios? If there is an effect, is it practically significant? Be specific and indicate the source of your conclusions. (4pts.)
Question 2
Study B
Another researcher was interested the same issue about a concert event. Similar to question 1, this researcher had presentations prepared for each of the three plans. However, this researcher decided to present all three plans to each subject. The three plans were presented, one at a time (in randomized order), to the same group of ten students.
Enter these data into SPSS and analyze them using the appropriate statistical procedure (copying ).
Attach your output to this exam. Use α = .05 to test the null hypothesis.
and pasting this table will work, you just need to set the variable names and variable type
A1
A2
A3
Plan1
Plan2
Plan3
S1
25
25
30
S2
20
27
32
S3
24
27
33
S4
40
40
50
S5
30
32
35
S6
30
40
50
S7
20
20
30
S8
25
25
25
Entering and analyzing data (2 points)
2a. Ho: (in words) (1pt.)
__________________________________________________________
2b. H1: (in words) (1pt.)
__________________________________________________________
2c. What type of design was used to analyze the data? (2pts.)
__________________________________________________________
2d. Obtained F = _______________ (1pts.)
2e. Decision about null hypotheses: (1pt.)
__________________________________________________________
2f. What verbal conclusions can be made about the reactions to the three different scenarios? If there is an effect, is it practically significant? Be specific and indicate the source of your conclusions. (4pts.)
Question 3
3. Study A in question 1 and study B in question 2 answered the same research question regarding student perceptions. Which design is more appropriate to answer the research question? What is the advantage of that design? Defend your answer with course concepts. (4 pts.)
Question 4
A researcher was interested in comparing the way in which three different treatment plans would impact participants’ health status. Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the three reinforcements and received a comprehensive health screening that included physical and mental indicators. Each group received a health screening before and after the 90 day period to determine the effects of each treatment plan. Higher scores indicate greater health.
The three health treatment plans were:
1)
2) 3)
Dark Chocolate - This group was instructed to consume a specified amount (although I think some consumed more) of dark chocolate each day.
Red Wine – This group was asked to consume 2 glasses of red wine each day.
Diet and Exercise – This group was placed on a healthy diet (which did not include red wine or dark chocolate) and a regular exercise program.
Results from this study follow.
Descriptive Statistics
Program
Mean
Std. Deviation
N
health_pre
dark chocolate
48.7000
10.95496
10
red wine
59.7000
17.14675
10
exercise and health diet
47.7000
16.66700
10
Total
52.0333
15.66125
30
health_post
dark chocolate
43.6000
13.10810
10
red wine
78.5000
12.58085
10
exercise and health diet
84.7000
14.32984
10
Total
68.9333
22.46673
30
Multivariate Testsa
Effect
Value
F
Hypothesis df
Error df
Sig.
pre_post
Pillai's Trace
.901
24.132
1.000
27.000
.000
Wilks' Lambda
1.299
24.132
1.000
27.000
.000
Hotelling's Trace
.801
24.132
1.000
27.000
.000
Roy's Largest Root
.751
24.132
1.000
27.000
.000
pre_post * program
Pillai's Trace
1.103
23.368
2.000
27.000
.000
Wilks' Lambda
1.097
23.368
2.000
27.000
.000
Hotelling's Trace
.703
23.368
2.000
27.000
.000
Roy's Largest Root
.123
23.368
2.000
27.000
.000
Mauchly's Test of Sphericitya
Measure: MEASURE_1
Within Subjects Effect
Mauchly's W
Approx. Chi- Square
df
Sig.
Epsilonb
Greenhouse- Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound
pre_post
.937
.904
2
.637
.941
1.000
.500
Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Source
Type III Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
pre_post
4284.150
1
4284.150
24.132
.000
pre_post * program
8297.100
2
4148.550
23.368
.000
Error(pre_post)
4793.250
27
177.528
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Source
Type III Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Intercept Program Error
219494.017 2408.433 6252.050
1
2 27
219494.017 1204.217 231.557
947.903 5.201
.000 .012
4a. What type of design was used to analyze these data? (2 pt)
4b. Complete the following table of findings after examining the results. Note that the
number of rows below does NOT indicate the appropriate number of effects (there may be fewer). (3 pts)
Variable/Effect
Is effect between, repeated, or mixed?
Obtained Result (F value)
Decision about null hypothesis
4c. Graph the interaction below (you may use Excel or hand draw): (2 pts)
4d. Imagine you have all the follow-up and posthoc results you need. State what additional tests are needed. Based on the results reported above in 4b and your graphed interaction in 4c, what verbal conclusions can be made? Be specific about which test(s) will yield each conclusion. (5 pts)
Question 5
A researcher was interested in whether customer service agents received higher customer satisfaction ratings when they used different modes of communication (variable=mode of service) or when they received a new training program (variable=training).From a sample of agents, the researcher was able to examine the following data. Examine the SPSS output carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variable: Customer Satisfaction Scale
Mode of service Training
Mean
Std. Deviation
N
Face-to-face
No
31.25
5.242
12
yes
35.89
6.471
160
Total
35.57
6.489
172
Phone
Messaging
Total
no yes Total no yes Total no
27.53 34.36 33.34 24.29 34.45 33.18 27.31
6.177 6.097 6.558 6.752 6.829 7.586 6.621
19
108
127
17
119
136
48
yes
35.02
6.507
387
Total
34.17
6.947
435
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Customer Satisfaction Scale
Source
Type III Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Partial Eta Squared
Corrected Model Intercept
Mode
Training
Mode * Training Error
Total
Corrected Total
3087.946a 161229.127 451.635 2140.877 203.217 17856.122 528917.000 20944.069
5 1
617.589 161229.127 225.818 2140.877 101.609 41.623
14.838 3873.590 5.425 51.435 2.441
.000 .000 .005 .000 .088
.147 .900 .025 .107 .011
2 1 2
429 435 434
a. R Squared = .147 (Adjusted R Squared = .138)
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Customer Satisfaction Scale
LSD
(I) Mode of service
(J) Mode of service
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Face-to-face
Messaging Phone
Messaging
2.23*
.755
.003
.75
3.71
Phone
Face-to-face
Phone Face-to-face
2.39* -2.23* .15 -2.39*
.740 .755 .796 .740
.001 .003 .846 .001
.93 -3.71 -1.41 -3.84
3.84 -.75 1.72 -.93
Messaging
-.15
.796
.846
-1.72
1.41
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 41.623.
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
Question 5 (continued)
5a. What type of ANOVA design was used to analyze these data? (2 pt.)
5b. Report the findings from each hypothesis in this design. Note that the number of rows below does NOT indicate the appropriate number of effects (there may be fewer). (3 pts)
Variable/Effect
Is effect between, repeated, or mixed?
Obtained Result (F value)
Decision about null hypothesis
5c. What can be concluded regarding the influence of experience and recommendations on customer service ratings? If there are effects, are they practically significant? Be specific and indicate the source of your conclusions. (5 pts.)
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Question 1
Entering and analyzing data
1a. Ho: (in words)
There is no significant difference between scores in terms of plan type. In other words, scores do not change by plan type. Scores are equal for each of plan.
1b. H1: (in words)
There is a significant difference between scores by plan type. At least one group is different from the others. In other words, scores differ by groups (in here “plan”).
1c. What type of design was used to collect and analyze the data?
Simple analysis of variance (One Way ANOVA)
1d. Obtained F = 3.924 with 0.032 p-value.
1e. Decision about null hypotheses:
F critical value for df: (2,27) at 0.05 alpha is equal to 3.35. F obtained is greater than F critical. Therefore, we can reject the null. (Also, p-value is 0.032 less than 0.05 that means rejections of the null.)
1f. What verbal conclusions can be made about the reactions to the three different scenarios? If there is an effect, is it practically significant? Be specific and indicate the source of your conclusions.
Since the null hypothesis is rejected, there is a significant effect of plan types. According to descriptive statistics, the average scores by plans are 26.9, 33.2 and 22.9 respectively. As we can see, mean scores are different and these findings are significant at 0.05 level. This indicates that at least two groups (plan1-plan2 or plan1-plan3 or plan2-plan3) are different from each other. In order to see which groups are significantly different, I conducted Tukey Test and found that only scores of Plan 2 and Plan 3 are significantly different (p-value is equal to 0.026 and significant at 0.05 level). All SPSS tables are given in Attachment-1.
Entering and analyzing data
2a. Ho: (in words)
There is no overall significant difference between the means of scores at the different plans. Scores do not differ by plan. Plan type has no effect on the scores. There is no significant change in scores at plan 1, plan 2 and plan 3.
2b. H1: (in words)
There is an overall significant difference between the means of scores at the different plans. Score are not equal. Plan type has a significant effect on the scores.
2c. What type of design was used to analyze the data?
Repeated measures analysis of variance (One-way).
2d. Obtained F = 9.843 (Wilks’ Lambda – Multivariate Test...