Discrete Math Questions

Answer the following questions:

1. Someone randomly selects an odd integer 𝑛 in the interval [1,100]. What is the probability that 𝑛 is not a prime number? You may use a table of prime numbers to answer the question.

2. 100 people have again come to the annual pet owner’s meeting. This time, there are 52 people present who own cats and 59 who own dogs. Give the numerical answer and a brief explanation for each of the following questions:
a. What is the minimum number of people who must own both a cat and a dog?
b. What is the maximum number of people who could own both cat and dog, based on the information given?

3. Suppose 𝑆 is a set of airports, and 𝑅 is the following relation on 𝑆: 𝑎𝑅𝑏 if and only if there is a direct flight from 𝑎 to 𝑏. Explain your answers to the following questions and use common sense.
a. Is 𝑅 reflexive?
b. Is 𝑅 symmetric?
c. Is 𝑅 transitive?
d. What is the meaning of the relation 𝑅² ? Specifically, when are two airports 𝑅² related?

4. If 𝑆 = {1,2,3} and 𝑅 = {(1,2), (1,3), (2,3)}², find 𝑅²

5. Prove that if 𝑅 is a symmetric relation, so is 𝑅²

6. Let < denote the less than relation on the set of integers. Describe the squared relation <2. Is it the same as < ?

Question 1
The prime integers between 1 and 100 are
P = {2; 3; 5; 7; 11; 13; 17; 19; 23; 29; 31; 37; 41; 43; 47; 53; 59; 61; 67; 71; 73; 79; 83; 89; 97}
There are 25 elements in P so the probability that n is not a prime number is (100-25)/100 = 0.75

Question 2
a) The minimum number of people who own both a cat and a dog is n = 59 - 52 = 7
b) The maximum number of people who own both a cat and a dog is N = min(52; 59) = 52...

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