Transcribed Text
Inferential Biostatistics Set
Instructions: Please copy/paste your individual answers and work to this document You may
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Question 1) Create bar chart for the data on serum Cholesterol for non- Hispanic whites,
based on the data table provide below. high value of serum cholesterol is thought to be a risk
factor for heart disease. The National Cholesterol Education Program of the National Institutes
of Health in 1987 stated that the recommended value for serum cholesterol is below 200, and
value above 240 may indicate problem, and recommended that lipoprotein analysis should
be performed. Based on these data, it appears that many non Hispanic whites have serum
cholesterol values that are too high, particularly women. The medical literature is also finally
beginning to recognize that homocysteine is very important risk factor for heart disease, even
in people with normal serum cholesterol. Give some possible reasons why non- Hispanic white
males have higher mortality from heart and cerebrovascular diseases when it appears from these
data that non- Hispanic white females should have higher rates.
Second National Health and Nutrition Exam (Source: NCHS, 1981)
Gender
Age
(n)
Mean Serum Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Male
40-49
572
223.5
50-59
575
228.9
60-69
1354
226.2
70-74
427
215.8
Female
40-49
615
218.5
50-59
649
243.6
60-69
1487
249.0
70-74
533
248.3
Question 2) Use line graphs to represent the short stay hospital rates; and discuss trends you
find these data.
Hospital Ownership (Source: NCHS, 1992)
Federal
Nonprofit
Proprietary
State/Local
1960
82.5
76.6
65.4
71.6
1970
77.5
80.1
72.2
73.2
1975
77.6
77.4
65.9
69.7
1980
77.8
78.2
65.2
70.7
1985
74.3
67.2
52.1
62.8
1989
71.0
68.8
51.7
64.8
All data above (excluding the first column of years) represent percentages of patients that were admitted
short -term within the given hospitala the given year
Question 3) Lee (1980) presented survival times in months from diagnosis for 70 patients with
either acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Calculate the
sample mean ad median for both AML and ALL patients separately Which measure do you
believe is more appropriate to use with these data? Explain.
AMI. Patients: 18, 31, 31, 36, 01, 09, 39, 20 04, 45, 36, 12, 08, 01, 15. 24. 02, 33. 29,
07. 00. 01. 02, 12, 09. 01. 01, 09. 05, 27, 01, 13, 01, 05, 01, 03, 04, 01, 18, 01, 02, 01, 08,
03, 04, 14, 03, 13, 13, 01
ALL Patients: 16, 25, 01.22.12. 12. 74,01, 16, 09.21.09. 64, 35.01.07. 03, ou 01, 22
Question 4) Based on the data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(HHANES) (LSRO 1989), the mean serum cholesterol for Mexican- American males age 20 74
was 203. The standard deviation was approximately 44mg/dL. Assume the serum cholesterol
follows a normal distribution. What is the probability that Mexican- American male 20-74 has
a serum cholesterol value greater than 240?
Question 5) The mean endurance time for sample of 36girls 4-5 years old was 9.5 minutes
with standard deviatione of 1.86 minutes. If we assume that these are the true population
mean
and standard deviation, and if we also assume that the endurance time follows normal
distribution, what the probability of observing 4 year old girl with an endurance of 'minutes ?
Is the data set normally distributed? Explain your answer
Question 6) Please review the table on the next page. Calculate the mean state proportion of
those without health insurance The population mean for those without health insurance
is
14.1
First, calculate the overall sample mean of those without health insurance Second, pick a
region of your choice and calo culate the sample mean for those without health insurance in that
region Are the sample means the same as the overall U.S percentage, or in other words, though
it may not be an exactly similar number are you able to confidently say that the sample means
truly reflect the population mean? Why or why not?
(Table for Question 6 on the next page)
Source: US Bureau of the Census, 2011-2014
State
Population
K Without Health State
Population %Without Health
Insurance
Insurance
New England
East South Central
ME
1.23
11.1
-
3.69
13.1
10.
TN
4.88
0,56
127
17.9
6.02
10.9
MS
2.57
18.9
1.00
10.2
3.29
7.5
West South Central
Mid- Atlantic
AR
2.35
15.7
NY
17.99
12.3
LA
4.22
20.
10.8
OK
3.15
18.2
11.88
7.8
TX
16.99
22.1
East North Central
Mountain
10.85
10.3
MT
0.80
12.7
5.54
13.0
17.8
11.43
11.5
wY
0.45
9.0
4.89
8.0
NM
16.9
West North Central
un
13.8
0.64
7 °
NV
1.20
18.7
0.70
9.9
1.58
8.3
Pacific
2.48
11.4
WA
4.87
10.4
1.38
9.3
OR
2.84
14.2
2.78
8.8
CA
29.76
18.7
5.12
12.2
AK
0.55
13.2
HI
1.11
7.0
South Atlanti
0.67
13.2
4.78
13.1
6.19
16.
12.94
18.6
6.63
14.9
3.49
6.48
14.1
0.61
Population is expressed inmillions.
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Question 1)
The cholesterol level is not the only risk factor and predictor of cardiovascular diseases mortality. There are others known and unknown factors that should be considered. One of the known risk factor is blood homocysteine level, which is not presented in the table. It could be that the males have significantly higher level of homocysteine in blood compared to females. The other explanation is that female sex hormones are protective against cardiovascular mortality and because of them females have lower risk of mortality form heart and cerebrovascular diseases....