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Western and East Asian law and justice theories evolved in dramatically different fashions. In the West, most law was codified and focused on restitution, while in Chinese culture, law was sometimes codified and sometimes oral, and focused on restoration. Western thinkers always felt the need to codify law because its practitioners needed to remember all the statutes regarding specific situations. Additionally, Western legal tradition was based on religious morals found in explicitly written texts, such as the Torah for Jewish law and the Bible for Christian law. Chinese law was designed to be more fluid because their belief systems were syncretic, fusing various contradictory streams of thought into a coherent legal system. From this perspective, Chinese law became more flexible than its Western counterpart, but differences remain even after imperialism and globalization brought these worlds closer.
Western law is considered central to the belief systems of society due to the fact that it is derived from religion. Natural law, with concepts of basic human rights, were built on the foundation of Greek and Roman law and Judeo-Christian principles. Sheehy states that “law in Western society is part of the eternal nature of the universe as organized by the divine.” Since religion was the foundation for law, some laws originally “fell into the domain of religion,” and were not separable until secular society chose to split church from state. Since Western religion was based on a long list of rights and wrongs, its laws took the same shape. For example, laws forbidding murder and stealing were based on the Ten Commandments and formed a significant portion of all Western penal codes. Even the Fourth Commandment, which orders Jews and Christians to remember the Sabbath and keep it holy, dictated some aspects of Western law. Most Western countries follow the Christian interpretation of the Sabbath, where Sunday is considered the day of rest, so Sunday became a time where most businesses closed (Ex. blue laws in some U.S. states) or opened only in the afternoon. Since many Western countries contain important Jewish minorities, Saturday was also included as a non-work day on the calendar. As an example, almost all American public schools are closed on Saturday and Sunday.
In Western law, the primary means to obtain justice either involves litigation, where one party