Question 2 Among the British invasions’ most Popular Bands and or acts were: The Who The Animals The Carter Family The Beatles El Combo de las Estrellas, and Celia Cruz Aretha Franklin David Bowie The Jackson Five Weather Report The Rolling Stones The John Coltrane Quartet Elton John Led Zeppelin Question 3 What kind of Music? In this type of music, Songs were often written about something, instead of commenting on an isolated instance, such as Tin Pan Alley songs did. Songs intensified the reality of life, as often the artists wrote their own songs and lyrics (Singer - Songwriter tradition). Rock. Gospel. Postbop Jazz. Stone. Rhythm and Blues. Question 4 By the 1950s, the Solid-Body Electric Guitar was being used in most mainstream Rock 'n Roll music, and in 1960s Rock music as well (the Solid-Body Electric Guitar was developed in 1944, it is a guitar, which unlike the sound box of a hollow-body guitar, it uses an electric pick-up system to directly relay the vibrations of the strings to an amplifier). The "________ ____" came into widespread use in popular music around 1960. It was a solid body, guitar-shaped bass instrument, and it was tuned like a string bass. Electric Bass. Electronic Drum Machine. Hammond B3 Organ. Electric Violin. EWI Trumpet. Synthesized Accordion. EWI Trombone. Question 5 Pick incorrect definition and or statement regarding technology and 1960s Rock music: Synthesizer: a family of electronic instruments in which sounds are produced electronically, either by generating a waveform within the machine or by digitally recording acoustic sounds (e.g., the tones of a piano). Most, but not all, synthesizers are operated by a keyboard. Electric Bass: a solid body, guitar-shaped bass instrument. It is tuned like a string bass. The electric bass came into widespread use in popular music around 1960. Keyboard: a generic term for an instrument — piano, organ, synthesizer — played by depressing keys. It also refers specifically to electronic keyboard instruments, especially synthesizers. Technology in the 1960’s brought Increase in amplification, inventions (such as “Looping”: A note could be sustained Indefinitely), and improvements to electronic instruments and Multi-Track recording (Overdubbing). Bass and Guitar Became Solid Bodied. Bass Could play a more percussive role, with more distinctive Line-Greater Melodic Rhythm Lines. Smaller Portable Organs (such as the Hammond B-3), and portable keyboards (and Synthesizers-which enriched the palette of Sounds!). Electric Piano: a keyboard instrument popular in the 1960s and '70s that combines electronic sound generation with a piano-like action. The most popular model was the Fender Rhodes. With the application of microchip technology, digital keyboards have largely replaced electric pianos. Overdubbing: the process of recording an additional part onto an existing recording. Multitrack Recording: the process of recording each part of a performance separately, then mixing them into a complete performance. The Beatles, along with their producer George Martin, were among the first to take full advantage of multi-track recording techniques. 1960's Technology brought Increase in amplification, inventions, and improvements to electronic instruments and Multi-Track recording. But in reaction to the pervasive technological changes in music, most rock-era rock artists reached back to the roots of early popular music by performing with acoustic instruments only (acoustic guitars, upright string bass, forte-pianos, etc.), and belted their vocal lines. Analog Synthesizer: a synthesizer in which musical variables are controlled by adjusting voltages. In many cases the waveforms generated in this manner were similar (i.e., analogous) to the waveforms of acoustic instruments; hence the designation analog synthesizer. Analog synthesizers were used until the early 1980s, when they were gradually replaced. Mixing: the process of integrating the many tracks from a multitrack recording into a finished recording. Question 6 The Role of the Guitar in Rock 'n Roll Music: Rock 'n Roll moved the rhythm section to the foreground and the electric guitar into the spotlight — (both from Electric Blues). The guitar was used in three ways: Substitute for the piano and synthesizer Perform complex highly – technical, and complex Bebop lines behind the lead singer Substitute for the voice Comping with swinging Jazz rhythms to reinforce the shuffle rhythm Double the Horn lines for reinforcement Respond to the voice w/difference melodic ideas (Call and Response) As an attention grabber; such as playing with one's teeth, or burning the guitar Pretend to be playing interesting call and response melodies Accompany the voice Accompany the leading drum parts and bass parts Substitute for late arriving musicians Respond to the the audience's interactions w/difference quoted melodies requested by audience members (Call and Response) Question 7 In 1960s rock music, the delivery of the voice was no longer Smooth (such as in Crooning) but more rugged and shouted. In 1950’s-Only the Guitar was amplified, by the 1960’s - all the Instruments (Except the Drums) were amplified. In addition, Tempos were Slower than in 1950’s rock ‘n Roll. Sound Imagination — aided by the development of multi-track recording, they used a wide variety of instruments, sound and audio effects (Crowd noises, backward tapes). However, the production of rock music changed. The Three Characteristic Changes in Production: 1). Emphasis on group identity as opposed to the “star” system. 2). Broader geographic diffusion of the music industry: any city could become as major recording center. 3). New attitude toward pop-music message’s — Tin Pan Alley songs offered listeners an Escape from reality — Rock songs often Intensified Reality. All choices are correct. Question 8 Which style of rock music? It is a regional rock from California notable for high-register close harmony vocals and innovative guitar effects. Sea music. Miami Beach rock music. Bikini Bottom Blue Lagoon music. Ft. Lauderdale Spring-Break music. Surf music. San Andres Islands beach music. Canon Beach music. Ocean music. Scuba-Diving music. Atlantic Coast music. Question 9 The Four dominant rock acts of the 1960’s:  Aretha Franklin: “Queen of Soul”. Motownish Romantic Pop and Hardcore “Soul” Singer, Linked to James Brown.  The Beatles — brought together rock and pop.  Marvin Gaye: Most Intense emotional Singer! Sung “I Heard it through the Grapevine” (Modified verse Chorus Song) - which is a miniature Drama with Very Effective Orchestration.  James Brown: responsible for a Rhythmically Progressive style of the last few Decades. By the Mid 60’s, he Blended Ray Charles’s gospel/Rhythm and Blues with the high Energy of Rock and Latin Rhythms.  W. C. Handy, also called the "Father of the Blues".  John Coltrane — (tenor saxophone) probably among the 10 most important figures in jazz history, his tone was rough-textured, dark and penetrating. He had a magnificent technique (like Parker before him). His jazz style was that of the Post Bop era.  Jimi Hendrix — combined Rock and Electric Blues. Rock guitar Soloist/Virtuoso. Turned Effects to Controlled, Fluid Vocabulary; Personal Style. Played Mostly with Power Trios (Bass, Drums and Guitar). Expanded new language of rock.  Michael Bennett; produced-‘A Chorus Line’, and ‘Dream Girls’ (Dealt with the Reality Of Broadway behind the Scenes, and the Motwn-ish African-American Groups of the 1960’s).  Louis Jordan — came out of Jump Band tradition.  Jimi Hendrix — combined Rock and Electric Blues. Rock guitar Soloist/Virtuoso. Turned Effects to Controlled, Fluid Vocabulary; Personal Style. Played Mostly with Power Trios (Bass, Drums and Guitar). Expanded new language of rock.  The Beatles — brought together rock and pop.  Bob Dylan — connected Rock with Country and Folk.  The Rolling Stones — updated 50’s Rock n’ Roll to Rock.  Jimi Hendrix — combined Rock and Electric Blues. Rock guitar Soloist/Virtuoso. Turned Effects to Controlled, Fluid Vocabulary; Personal Style. Played Mostly with Power Trios (Bass, Drums and Guitar). Expanded new language of rock.  Duke Ellington — Pianist, Composer, Arranger. Wrote arrangements based on the style and ability of his players. Composed and arranged from 1920-1974. Most popular composer and arranger in jazz history.  Bob Dylan — connected Rock with Country and Folk.  LOUIS ARMSTRONG: first great jazz soloist, Choice of notes, Quality of tone, Sense of swing, Embellishment of notes (vibrato and shakes), Scat singing, Jazz improvisation of Pop Songs.  James P. Johnson (father of stride piano) Earl (father) Hines, Thomas (“fats”) Waller.  Count William Basie — Pianist, Composer, Arranger. His band produced many players who were innovative and became well known. He introduced comping into the band, considered to be the most swinging big band.  The Rolling Stones — updated 50’s Rock n’ Roll to Rock.  Fletcher Henderson — laid the groundwork for the Big Band. He organized the band into sections: He allowed for improvised solos within the arrangements. He established call and response patterns between the sections. Question 10 True or false? The Interdependency of the Rock Band can be described as follows: in a pop song before Rock — Melody instruments and solo voices are featured while the rhythm section is subordinate. In a Rock song — the meaning of the song is diffused throughout the group. Every part, vocal, guitar, bass and drums is essential to the song, but no one part has sufficient musical interest to stand alone. True False Question 11 The Beatles had great variety from song to song, which was their most distinguishing feature. Four important reasons for their range of expression: Sound Imagination — aided by the development of multi-track recording, they used a wide variety of instruments, sound and audio effects (Crowd noises, backward tapes). They were all part of the Jump Band tradition, which were bands that played Swing combined with Blues. In the 40’s simplified and exaggerated the most accessible elements of the swing style. Much smaller than BigBands (Less Instrumentation; Sax, Trumpet and Trombone, Rhythm Section and a Vocalist), Heavy backbeat. Linked Swing with fifties Rock ‘n’ Roll. In the late 1940s, a small band-rhythm section plus a few horns that played a Rhythmand-Blues style influenced by Big-Band Swing and Electric Blues. Melodic Skill — they wrote melody-oriented songs (Strong Emphasis on melody; many of them memorable). They were all seasoned Musical Comedy performers (Musical Comedy — a form of sung dramatic stage entertainment characterized by a lighthearted, loosely organized plot, generally about a contemporary situation familiar to its audience). This experience allowed all members to compose music that was based on both classical traditions, as well as popular music traditions. Knowledge of styles — they absorbed all styles they were exposed to (drew from English Music, Jazz Classical, East Indian, Tin-Pan Alley popular Styles and others). They were all prominent Jazz artists before they became known Rock artists. All members helped lay the groundwork for the Jazz Big Band. They organized the band into sections and allowed for improvised solos within the arrangements. They helped established call and response patterns between the Jazz Big Band sections. Responsiveness to Text: music followed the contour of the text closely. Question 12 Which Rock-Era artist best fits the following description? His point of departure was the Blues. He combined Rock and Electric Blues. He was a Rock guitar Soloist/Virtuoso that turned Effects into a Controlled, Fluid Vocabulary; – a Personal Style. Played Mostly with Power Trios (Bass, Drums and Guitar). Expanded new language of rock. Paul McCartney. Clifford Brown. Bessie Smith. Clark Terry. Squidward Tentacles. Jimi Hendrix. Fats Navarro. Carlos Santana. Art Farmer. Eric Clapton. Question 13 What is a Power Trio? None of these choices are correct. a three-man ensemble (keyboard-synthesizer, electric violin, and iPad bass), which only performs at FPL functions and events using only all FPL-approved electric instruments. a Bebop-era ensemble consisting of lead trumpet, saxophone, and trombone but no chord instrument. A threeman band (Trumpet, Saxophone, and Trombone) with a strong solo orientation, especially in live performance. a Gospel ensemble consisting of soprano voice, alto voice, and bass voice but no chord or percussion instruments. A three-man band (soprano, alto, and bass) with a strong solo orientation, especially in church concerts. a rock-era ensemble consisting of lead guitar, bass, and drums but no chord instrument. A three-man band (guitar, bass, and drums) with a strong solo orientation, especially in live performance. Question 14 Some Characteristics of The Beatles' song – "A Day In The Life": Simple, and repetitive melody. Imaginative instrumentation (strings, brass, etc.), and synthesizers. Features a typical rock music Power Trio with lead vocals only. Prominent Latin rhythms. Sound effects (crowd noises, etc.). Rock beat. Simple melody, and repetitive lyrics. Complex harmony: "Rhythm Changes". Question 15 Which rock music band is being described here? – they Purified the Rock beat. Most of "___ _______ ______" songs use a pure rock beat (eight-beat pattern). They also had a strong Blues influence, specially from Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, and so forth. Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five. Clara Ward and The Famous Ward Singers. The Beatles. The Rolling Stones. The Buddy Rich Big Band. The Who. The Stoned Rollers. The Count Basie Jazz Band. Question 16 Which Artist fits the following description? He began as a folk singer, — and he became the most articulate spokesman for the rapidly growing protest movement. Wrote on exclusively poetic narrations. He electrified Folk music, which became Folk Rock. His songs often comment on government intervention, atrocities of war, illegal citizen monitoring (phone conversations wire-tapping, etc.), the hypocrisy of those on the political right-wing side of politics, and so on. Peter "Pete" Seeger. Bix Beiderbecke. Bob Dylan. Carlos Santana. Frankie Ruiz. Miles Davis. Sun Ra. Erskine Hawkins. Question 17 Barry Gordy is a seminal figure in the creation of the Motown sound. Which are some characteristics regarding his importance and influence? Mowtown performers frequently had top 10 hits throughout the 1960's and 1970's. He had a New Band (The “Electric Band”) and a Traditional {Or Old} Styled Band (“The “Akoustic Band”). The Modern Band Had Three Dominant Features; 1). Sixteen-Beat Swing. 2). Virtuoso Bass Playing (JohnPatitucci). 3). Accompanied Drum Solos (Dave Weckl). Barry Gordy and Chick Corea also Incorporated several Latin type elements into his “Modern-Band” (The “Electric Band”), Having been a Musician with several Latin-Type Bands. The Motown Sound used effectively seasoned expert Jazz Musicians that could whip-up a very effective Music arrangement for any prospective artist or group. He wanted all his groups to perform Doo-Wop only, which is pop-oriented R&B genre that typically featured remakes of popular standards or pop-style originals sung by black vocal groups. Doo-wop died out in the early 1960s with the rise of the girl groups and Motown. He established the most widely known Jamaican popular music ("Reggae"), which has a distinctive, intoxicating rhythm. It emerged around 1970 in the music of Jimmy Cliff, Bob Marley, and others. He is considered the most Important and Influential Gospel-Inspired Soloist of the 1950’s. Created Synthesis of Blues and Gospel. Founder of Motown. Took out a personal loan on a mortgage on his own home to create and venture into his Musical "Hitsville USA." He wanted to produce Music that would appeal to both Black and White audiences, and stayed away from controversial topics that dominated 1960's society (War, Civil Rights, Politics, Etc.). He was also a Disc Jockey (DJ), or radio host who, in the early years of radio, determined the programming. He had strict control over artists under his contract, including stage routines, repertoire, dress, acting on (and even off) stage, and sometimes, - even their personal lives. Question 18 In Part V, Chapter 2 lesson readings and content, the listening samples titled "Down By The Riverside" sung by Clara Ward (Note: Strong Rhythm and Blues influece {almost danceable}. Call and response between lead singer {Clara Ward}, and male chorus. Memorable melody), and "How I Got Over" also performed by Clara Ward (Note: Piano and Organ playing reflect strong Gospel roots. Call and response between lead singer {Clara Ward}, and mixed chorus. Note lyrics – praise and Christian lyric content) feature a strong influence from which musical tradition? Vellenato Latin Music tradition. Vallenato, along with Cumbia Music are some of the popular folk music styles of Colombia, South America. Vallenatos primarily are played and produced in Colombia's Caribbean region. Vallenato literally means "born in the valley". Gospel Music. Many Motown groups came from prominent Gospel music traditions. Consequently, call and response permeated much of the R&B / Soul music of the 50's and 60s. Latin Music tradition. Latin Music traditions originally grew out of interaction of African and European musical traditions. The slave trade brought Western Africans to the Caribbean Islands and Brazil. Early Latin Dances included the “Habanera” (1850s-Contradanza Habanera-Cuba), and Tango (1913-Argentina). The most influential dance music came from two countries: Cuba and Brazil. Bebop Jazz tradition, which was a jazz style that developed in the 1940s, characterized by fast tempos, irregular streams of notes, and considerable rhythmic conflict. Serious art music for listening instead of dancing, fast tempos. Smaller groups, (no more than 6), few vocalists, flashier solos, much more instrumental technique required, complex melodies and chord changes, rhythm section more interactive. Comping less predictable and more interactive, less visual interest than swing bands. Country Music, which is a music genre which emerged out of the commercialization, broadcasting, and recording of southern folk music. Commercially produced music associated with the rural white south and southwest. It grew in popularity after the introduction of the radio and phonograph. Nashville is the most important city. It is home of the Grand Ole Opry. Question 19 Which Artist? Motownish Romantic Pop and Hardcore “Soul” Singer, linked to James Brown. ("_____ ________" is most associated with – Gospel, which is a family of religious music styles: there is white and black Gospel Music. Black Gospel Music has had the more profound influence on popular music by far. Created around 1930 by Thomas Dorsey and others, Gospel has influenced popular singing, especially Rhythm and Blues, since the early 1950s). Aretha Franklin: “Queen of Soul”. James Brown: “Godfather of Soul”. Diana Ross: “Queen of Disco”. Michael Jackson: “King of Pop”. Miles Davis: “King of Jazz”. Disco Stu: “King of Disco”. Question 20 In listening to "Respect", as interpreted by Soul singer Aretha Franklin, the following could be said to be true regarding the song's message: This is an anthem for women who wished to d-i-v-o-r-c-e men altogether, and form their own independent society, with no interaction between opposite sexes. In keeping with the social themes that dominated the 1960s (Civil Rights, Feminist Movement, etc.), this song could be said to be a supplication to women's rights. (Note: horns during song introduction. Call and response between lead singer (Aretha Franklin) and female chorus, just like the Baptist Church. Again, note topic and the 1960s women's right movement). In reaction against the social themes that dominated the 1960s (Civil Rights, Feminist Movement, etc.), this song portrays the submissive nature of a woman that does not partake with the sentiments of the Women's rights movement. This song is representative of the pacifist movement (Peace Movement) that dominated the 1960s. The movement reacted against the U.S. involvement with the Vietnam War, and other wars. Question 21 The guitar in Soul Music was used differently, as the guitar was used more as a chord-change Instrument, and chords were always fully strummed. was used for looks only, and was rarely played in live music settings. was used more as a lead melody instrument. was used more as a Percussive Instrument, and chords were not fully strummed. was used with heavy distortion, to give the music body and loud dynamics. Question 22 Which style of 1960s music? 1). A term used widely in the 1960s by both White and Black Americans to describe popular music by African Americans, particularly music, like that of James Brown, marginally influenced by pop or white rock styles. 2). African-American music during the 60’s. Represented the Blues and Deep Gospel End of the African-American Music Spectrum. After M.L. King’s death, “Billboard” changed its Rhythm and Blues Category (Chart) to “_ _ _ _” a Year Later. Grunge. Fusion Jazz. Cool Jazz. Mbalax. Avant Garde Jazz. Gangsta Rap. Soca. Soul. Question 23 Top Motown Performers: (These acts mixed the lighter side of African American music with the popular song of 60’s rock). William "Count" Basie Elvis Presley Stevie Wonder Fletcher Henderson The Supremes Smokey Robinson Billie Holiday The Temptations Vincent Penzarella The Jackson 5 Sarah Vaughan Chief Wiggum Question 24 Which Soul Artist? Responsible for a Rhythmically Progressive style of the Last two Decades. By the Mid 60’s, he Blended Ray Charles’s gospel/Rhythm and Blues with the high Energy of Rock and Latin Rhythms. "_____ _____" and Aretha Franklin — Blended Gospel with Rhythm and Blues. (He also led the "Black is Beautiful" movement of the 1960s, as African Americans faced unsurmountable difficulties with Civil Rights, Dr, M. L. King's assassination, police brutality, etc. The movement helped re-establish Black Pride). Ella Fitzgerald. James Brown. Tito Puente. Fat Tony. Joe Arroyo. T–Vice. Lou Rawls. John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie. Question 25 Which style of music? "______" — Slang for Detroit. Also the music produced there in the 1960s and early 1970s, chiefly by Berry Gordy Jr. for his record label of the same name. "______"-Sound: a set of stylistic features heard in sixties "______" recordings: melodic saturation, a good mellow beat, a broad spectrum of sound and a predictable format. A consistent set of characteristic style features heard in sixties "______" recordings. Motown. Hardcore Bop Techno Cajun music Hillsoboro San Vicente Afropop Cumbia Opa-locka Chicago Question 26 Marvin Gaye is considered the most Intense emotional Singer! One of his signature pieces is called “_ _____ __ _______ ___ _________” (Modified verse Chorus Song) - which is a miniature Drama with very effective Orchestration. “I Heard it through the Grapevine” “I Heard that You Need Me” “Campfire Song - Song” “Y.M.C.A.” “Will You Love Me Tomorrow” “Hotline Bling” “I Heard You through the Curtains” “Oye Como Va” “The Hills” “Giant Steps” Question 27 The Cities that contained recording studios, which produced the Soul sound, popular in the 1960’s; Miami Nashville Chicago Rome London Portland Pasco Detroit Philadelphia Memphis Paris El Porvenir Orlando Boone New York San Vicente, Antioquia Los Angeles Pittsburgh New Haven Medellin Question 28 "Say It Loud, I'm Black And I'm Proud", by James Brown helped lead the "Black is Beautiful" movement of the 1960s, as African Americans faced unsurmountable difficulties in dealing with Civil Rights propositions, Dr, M. L. King's assassination, police brutality, lack of job opportunities for blacks, segregation in schools, etc. The movement helped re-establish Black Pride. (Note: in this selection, the Guitar is played "chocked", for rhythmical effect, and there is constant use of Call and response. Notice vocal grunts - which help with rhythmic vitality. Strong rhythms, and Funky beats). True False Question 29 Song In the Sixties, most selling albums were; Lambada Pop Stage (Broadway, etc.) Reggeton Avant-Garde Jazz Ragtime Film Musicals Bugalú Ska Doo-Wop (Instrumental) Easy Listening Bambucos Question 30 In the 1960s, Tin-Pan Alley Shrunk to One Address: “The Brill Building”. It Included Staff writers such as Carole King, Neil Sedaka, and Neil Diamond. The style of writing Included: ...Sweet singing — as opposed to swing, so-called sweet bands played songs in a two-beat rhythm, with little syncopation, slow tempos, and flowing melodies. ...Comping, which is – in Bop Jazz style, chordal accompaniment played in rhythmically irregular or unpredictable patterns. Playing syncopated chords (on piano or guitar) to help the band swing. ...Call-and-Response, which is a rapid exchange, usually of rifts, between two different timbres: solo voice and guitar; solo voice and choir; or saxophones and trumpets. ...Tremolo, which is time kept in the melody only. …Close Vocal Harmony in reflection to the Mariachi music influence. …Unconventional Forms that depart form the Models of any era. ...Deep Blues singing and playing, which hearken back to early acoustic blues originating from the Mississippi and surrounding areas. …Unusual Chords and chord progressions. ...included Toasting, which was the practice developed by Jamaican disc jockeys of delivering a steady stream of patter. Much of it was topical, even personal: they would pick out, and sometimes pick on, people in the crowd that had gathered around. Toasting is a direct forerunner of rap: both initially featured topical, humorous commentary over pre-existing music. ...prominent 16-Beat Rhythms, which is a style beat in which the fastest rhythmic layer moves four times the speed of the beat: 4 times per beat Å~ 4 beats =16-beat rhythm. First popularized in disco and funk, it has been the most widely used style beat since the early 1980s. …Frequent Wide Melodic leaps. …Rock-Based, often Irregular Rhythms. Question 31 Broadway; 1955-1965 - was the Commercial and Artistic Highpoint of Broadway. In 1960, “Film” Supplanted Broadway. Film Composers that Became Household Names in the late 1960’s-onward, include: Peter Griffin (Peterotica, Brian's Play, Etc.). Orlando Jimenez ("Plight of Luz-Dary", “The Aguardiente Temptation”, Etc.). William Vacchiano ("Bach 1C", “Heroes Turn Into Martyrs on this Instrument.”, Etc.). Duke Ellington (Sophisticated Ladies, In a Sentimental Mood, Etc.). Pablo Escobar (El Cartel, Narcos, Etc.). Patrick Star (Twinkle, Twinkle, Patrick Star, Etc.). Leonard Bernstein (West Side Story, Wonderful Town, Etc.). Michael Jackson (Thriller, The Wiz, Etc.). Henry Mancini (First Well Known Film Composer). John Williams (Jaws, Superman, Star Wars, Ect.). William Grant Still (Troubled Island, Pennies from Heaven, Etc.). Quincy Jones (Roots, Sanford and Son, Ect.) Question 32 Broadway Shows that Integrated Rock Beats Include: “The King and I”. “Showboat”. “It Don't Mean a Thing”. “Hair”. “Porgy and Bess”. “Promises-Promises”. “JESUS-CHRIST SuperstarT” (Andrew-Lloyd Weber). “The Theory of Everything”. “Oklahoma”. “Company”. Question 33 A unique element of the musical selection titled "Aquarius" (from "Hair", by McDermot-Rado-Ragni) is the use of a Funk Beat. a Rock Beat. a String section (no vocalists, no singing). a Banjo. a Swing Beat. Question 34 What kind of Beat? – Eight evenly spaced sounds per measure (or two per beat) — over a strong backbeat. Fox Trot Beat. Disco Beat. Rock Beat. Porro Beat. Funk Beat. Latin Beat. Jazz Swing Beat. Rock 'n Roll Beat. Cakewalk Beat. Turkey Trot Beat. Question 35 Which kind of rock music style? – A rock substyle that sought to elevate rock from teen entertainment to artistic statement, often by drawing on or reworking classical compositions (e.g., Emerson, Lake, and Palmer's version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition). "___ ____" was often distinguished by the use of electronic effects and mood music-like textures far removed from the propulsive rhythms of early rock. Rock,-Paper,-and-Scissors – Rock. Gospel Music Rock. Latin Rock. Soft Rock. Funk Rock. Surf Music Rock. Fusion Jazz (Jazz + elements of Rock music, including a rock beat). Grunge. Alternative Rock. Art Rock. Heavy Metal Rock. Acid Rock. Question 36 Which kind of rock music style? – A hard rock style that developed in the early 1970s, featuring often ear-splitting volume; heavy use of distortion; simplified chord progressions and melodies; lyrics that reflect adolescent, often male preoccupations; and elaborate stage shows. Folk Rock. New-Wave Rock. Progressive Rock. Thrash Metal Gothic Celtic Ethereal-Wave Deathcore Cowpunk Electro-Punk Indie Bent-Edge stoner-Doom Anatolian Rock. . Christian Punk Rock. Heavy Metal Rock. Cool–Jazz Rock. Southern Rock. Jazz-Rock Fusion Art Rock. Psychedelic Rock. Acid Rock. Question 37 Which kind of rock music style? – A kind of rock distinguished by a large number of percussive instruments, and a clave-like rhythm. Industrial Rock. Ska Punk Rock. Metal Medallo (Medellin, Colombia) – Rock. Otto Mann (Otto The Bus Driver) – Rock. Unblack Metal Rock. Glam Rock. Brazilian Thrash Metal. Samba Rock. Symphonic Metal Rock. Latin Rock. Alternative Dance Rock. Neo-Psychedelia, Acid House Rock. Question 38 "Wipe Out", by The Surfaris, could be said to be which style of rock music? It is a rock music style associated with California – West Coast beach lifestyle. (Note: Call and Response usage, and fast tempos, – like the adrenaline used for surfing the waves. Also, fast rock beat). Latin Surfing Rock. Seas Music Rock. Fusion Jazz Art rock. Swim Music. San Andres Islands Beach Rock. Surf Music. Nardcore Rock. Ocean Music Rock. Sludge Metal Rock. Baroque Music Rock. Math Rock. Kingston Negril Tree House Beach Reggae Rock. Question 39 Singer-Songwriter: a term that came into use around 1970 to describe songwriters who performed their own music. The music of singer-songwriters was generally characterized by an emphasis on melody, a folk-like accompaniment, and a relatively low dynamic level. True False Question 40 Which rock musical term? A loud high sound which was created when part of a system's output signal returns to its own input -a phenomena unique to amplified instruments. A partial return of the electric signal from guitar to amplifier, which can cause distortion. Feedback Modal Harmony Distortion Air Guitar White Noise. Question 41 Which style of music? "Oye Como Va" (Tito Puente, performed by Carlos Santana) can be classified as which style of music? Fusion – Jazz Rock. Greek Rock. Art Funk. Japanese Rock. Latin Rock. Question 42 Which style of Caribbean Music? The dominant Jamaican popular music through the first part of the 1960s. The most distinctive feature of "___" is a strong afterbeat: a strong, crisp chunk on the latter part of each beat. New Wave. Ska. Disco (a dance music that rose to popularity in the midseventies. Disco songs typically had a relentless beat; a complex rhythmic texture, usually with a 16-beat rhythm; and rich orchestration, typically an augmented rhythm section with horns and strings). Musica Cerrilera. Ambient Music (Atmospheric music which emphasizes texture over rhythm: a kind of Electronica). Mento. Punk/Funk/Disco Fusion. Postbop Jazz. Sweet Soul (a term originally used in the seventies to refer to pop-oriented Black Music). Rocksteady. Riot Grrrl (a 1990s militant feminist movement which supported post-punk bands). Reggae. Question 43 Which style of Caribbean Music? A Jamaican music popular in the latter part of the 1960s. It effected the transition from Ska to Reggae. Proto-Funk (a style that anticipates rhythms and textures of funk). Reggae. Country Blues (a family of African American folk Blues styles that flourished in the rural South. Country Blues differs from commercial Blues mainly in its accompanying instrument-usually acoustic Guitar-and its tendency toward less regular forms). Stride Piano Style (a highly technical jazz piano style taken from Ragtime. It is called stride because the pianist’s left hand literally strides up and down the piano. An offshoot of Ragtime that typically featured a more complex bass/chord accompaniment and elaborate figuration in the melody). Christian Rock. Ska. Jump Bands (Bands that played Swing combined with Blues. In the 40’s simplified and exaggerated the most accessible elements of the swing style. Much smaller than Big-Bands {Less Instrumentation; Sax, Trumpet and Trombone, Rhythm Section and a Vocalist}, Heavybackbeat. Linked Swing with fifties Rock ‘n’ Roll. In the late 1940s, a small band-rhythm section plus a few horns that played a Rhythm-and-Blues style influenced by Big-Band Swing and Electric Blues. Saxophonist/vocalist Louis Jordan was a key performer in this style). Rocksteady. Piano Rag (a march like, syncopated composition for the piano). Charleston (the most popular of the vigorous new dances of the early 1920s). Mento. Glam (Glitter) Rock (a rock style of the early 1970s in which theatrical elements — makeup, outlandish dress — were prominent. David Bowie, in his various incarnations, is considered by many to be the major figure in glam rock). Question 44 In the Part V, Chapter 4 lesson, a song by the title – "Judge Not" was presented for study. This song was interpreted by "___ ______ & ___ _________". (Note: Ska song. Also, note Lyric contents. Also, Big Band Jazz influence, sax solo. Horns play on backbeat). Arthur Knibbs & Harold Richardson. Jimmy Cliff & Peter Tosh. Charlie Parker & The Yardbirds. Ma Rainey & Bessie Smith. Bob Marley & The Skatalites. Question 45 What kind of Music? This was a dance music that rose to popularity in the mid-seventies. The songs typically had a relentless beat; a complex rhythmic texture, usually with a 16-beat rhythm; and rich orchestration, typically an augmented rhythm section with horns and strings. Opera Arias. Swing Songs. Proto-Funk. Country Blues. Free Jazz. Ballad. Disco. Latin Rock. Hispanic Gospel. Southern Gospel. Latin Gospel. Art Songs. Question 46 What kind of Music? A musical style of the 1980s and '90s characterized by a rhymed text spoken in a heightened voice over a repetitive, mostly rhythmic accompaniment. Funk. Soca. Disco. Grunge. Juju. Dance-Oriented Rock (DOR). Cool Jazz. Zouk. Rap. Bebop. Cadence. Funk-Pop. Question 47 What kind of Music? This is the umbrella term for a large and varied family of musical styles: house, techno, trance, ambient, jungle, drum & bass, industrial dance, and many more. Twerking. Electronica. Bambuco. Rcoksteady. New Wave. Mento. Gangsta Rap. Afropop. Reggae. Sweet Soul. Psychedelic Rock (acid rock). Postbop Jazz. Big Band Jazz. Scratching. Heavy-Metal Fusion Jazz. Question 48 What kind of Music? It is a fusion of West African music, and pop music. Juju. Vallenato. Afropop. Charleston. Tropical Latin. Zouk. Celtic Music. Porro. Swing. Chicken Glide. Mbalax. Calypso. Question 49 What kind of Music? – It is Music from Africa and of the African Diaspora. A general term to describe the rhythms in music that fuses a prevailing international style with a regional music, such as Rhythm and Blues plus a regional African style. Guaguancó. Cha-Cha-Cha. Motown Sound. Punk Rock. Merengue. Reggae. Calypso. Tango. Mbalax. Joropo. Ranchera. Highlife. World Beat. Colombian Salsa. Hardcore Bop. Question 50 Which of the following is a style of Music? (HINT: All the following are styles of music, although different, they are all types of influential Jazz and Popular Music styles! Therefore, the Correct Answers are ALL Choices ). Postbop: general characteristics; drummers play with more activity, tone colors are darker, weightier and rougher, hard driving feeling with emphasis on constant swinging. Zouk: a style of dance music from Guadeloupe and Martinique. Country-Pop: dubbed “CountryPolitan”, Peaked in the 70’s, especially in the music of Kenny Rodgers (had a Soft-Rock Setting {Lush Strings, Slow Tempo, Subtle Rock Beat and a Flowing Melody}, but used Country-Styled Vocals). Zydeco: the music of Black French-speaking Louisianans. Big Band Jazz: featured a large jazz ensemble of the swing era that typically contains a complete Rhythm Section and three Horn Sections: three to five Trumpets, three to five Trombones, and four to five Saxophones. Gospel: – an inspirational Christian music, which developed in the 1930s from a blend of white Protestant hymnody, black spirituals, and the blues. A family of religious music styles: there is white and black gospel music. Black gospel music has had the more profound influence on popular music by far. Created around 1930 by Thomas Dorsey and others, gospel has influenced popular singing, especially Rhythm and Blues, since the early 1950s. Be Bop: – Characteristics; a jazz style that developed in the 1940s, characterized by fast tempos, irregular streams of notes, and considerable rhythmic conflict. Serious art music for listening instead of dancing, fast tempos. Smaller groups, (no more than 6), few vocalists, flashier solos, much more instrumental technique required, complex melodies and chord changes, rhythm section more interactive. Comping less predictable and more interactive, less visual interest than swing bands. Mambo — a Latin dance fad of the late 1940s and '50s that combined the rhythms of the Afro-Cuban song with the Horn sounds of Big-Band Jazz. Bluegrass: style emerged after World War II, Fast tempos (Usually Not for Dancing) Expanded instrumentation: fiddle, guitar, mandolin, string bass, banjo. Virtuoso banjo playing—Collective improvisation—Very fast tempos (too fast for dancing) really for listening. An updated version of country's old-time string band music. Bluegrass developed in the late 1940s under the guidance of Mandolinist Bill Monroe. Cool Jazz Began with a recording by Miles Davis and Gil Evans called “Birth of the Cool”. Characteristics: softer and mellower sounding, Improvised solos are less flashy and less technical, Drummers returned to a time-keeping function, Horn players tried to create a smoother tone quality, the occasional use of exotic instruments like French Horn, Tuba and/or Vibraphone. Outlaw Country: defiance of the Nashville Calculated Commercialism; led By Willie Nelson. Country: a commercial form of the music of white southerners, which began with the advent of commercial radio in the early 1920s. The different styles of country music mix elements of the traditional folk music of the South with other popular styles, such as jazz, pop, and rock. Event Song: a song that tells the story of a noteworthy event, often a catastrophic one (e.g., "The Wreck of the Old 97"). Event songs have a long history in Folk and Country Music. Rhythm and Blues (R&B): a term used since the mid-forties to describe African American popular styles, especially those influenced by Blues and/or dance music. Romantic Ballad: a popular song with a romantic theme, performed at a slow tempo. Afropop: a fusion of West African and pop music. RAGTIME — Popular from the 1880’s—1910’s. Considered Pre- jazz since it lacked improvisation. A piano style, which developed out of military marches. It was also influenced by a dance called the Cake Walk. Griot: in West African culture, the tribe's healer (witch doctor), historian (preserver of its history in his songs), and, along with the master drummer, most important musician. Blues — exact origin unknown. A vocal style, which was developed by African American slaves and their descendants. It was used by field hollers for the purpose of communicating among themselves in the fields. Street vendors used it — it was used in ballads, which came from European traditions — it was used in music for dancing. Fusion Jazz: a Combination of jazz with rock and roll and or Latin rhythm styles. Usually includes amplified instruments. Characteristics: Rock or Latin style drummer and rhythms, more complex than rock but can be repetitive like rock, with the use of amplification, this style is generally louder and even danceable. Miles Davis, Weather Report, Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock (piano), Tower of Power. Musical Comedy — a form of sung dramatic stage entertainment characterized by a lighthearted, loosely organized plot, generally about a contemporary situation familiar to its audience Juju: a style of music from Nigeria which often includes electric guitars and African drums. Tropical Latin: a type of mainstream pop which incorporates elements of salsa along with a generic Latin sound. Sweet Soul: a term originally used in the seventies to refer to pop-oriented Black Music. Bossa Nova: simpler Rhythms-More Complex Melodies and Harmonies. A Samba-based, Jazz-influenced Brazilian popular-song style that became popular in the United States in the early 1960s.